Palmar erythema is a clinical sign presenting with symetrical erythema of both palms. It is usually asymptomatic and may seldom be seen in healthy individuals. Systemic diseases, drugs, chemicals, neoplasms and infections may play a role in the etiology. We prepared this review on palmar erythema, an issue which we believe is usually clinically underestimated, in order to view associated pathologies, to describe different forms and to be a guide in patient assessment.

Backgorund and Design: The phototrichogram (PTG) is a deminvasive test to define hair loss. In this study, PTG findings in 55 women complaining of hair loss for a long time were examined. MATERIALS-METHODS: The patients were divided into three groups according to Ludwig classification and hair pull test. FTG was applied to the patients’ midscalp and occipital regions by digital camera attached to a dermoscope. Hair density, percentages of thin hair and non-growing hair were estimated. RESULTS: Fourteen of patients were AGA, 10 were hair pull test (+), 31 were hair pull test (-). In AGA group while hair density was statistically lower on the midscalp than occiput, percentages of thin hair and non-growing hair were higher. In hair pull test (+) group, hair density was higher on the midscalp than occiput. In hair pull test (-) group, percentage of non-growing hair was higher. On the midscalp, while hair density was statistically lower in AGA group than the other groups, percentage of thin hair was higher. On the midscalp percentage of non-growing hair was statistically higher in AGA group and hair pull test (+) group than hair pull test (-) group. On the occiput there was statistically difference between hair pull test (+) group and hair pull test (-) group. CONCLUSION: PTG alone isn’t enough diagnostic tool. Because standart deviations of three parametres are high, their normal value can not be mentioned. PTG done by comparing two regions can be helpful to diagnose early AGA.

Background and Design: Essential hyperhidrosis is a disorder without obvious etiology. At the same time, hyperhidrosis is a disease with considerable psychological features. Although it is particularly an important part of social anxiety, psychiatric approaches are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the scores of social phobia, anxiety and avoidance levels and state and trait anxiety points of essential hyperhidrosis with healthy individuals. MATERIALS-METHODS: The scores of social phobia, anxiety and avoidance of 26 patients with essential hyperhidrosis and 22 healthy individuals were measured.
RESULTS: The patient group and control group are consisted of 26 (M/F: 11/15) and 22 (M/F: 11/11) individuals, respectively. In patient group Liebowitz social phobia scores, anxiety and avoidance levels were being changed with between 24–74 (47.1±11.5) and 24–80 (44.1±11.5) points, respectively. In control group the points were between 26–66 (43.0±13.4) and 26–83 (41.5±13.3). State and trait anxiety points were 23–58 (39.7±7.1) and 42-59 (49.6±4.5) in patient group, 21–66 (36.2±11.3) and 29–71
(43.3 ± 10.5) in control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Trait anxiety levels were statistically higher in hyperhidrosis group than healthy controls. So we should suggest that hyperhidrosis is a dermatologic disease with psychological features.

Background and Design: It has been demonstrated that the autologous serum skin test (ASST) has an important role in clinical test for detection of autoimmune-based urticaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ASST and cell immunity modifiers.
MATERIALS-METHODS: We examined 68 patients and 37 control subjects, performed ASST and tuberculin skin reactivity (TST) and measured T-lymphocyte subsets.
RESULTS: ASST was significantly positive in urticaria patients compared to control subjects. Thirty-two patients had positive TST reactivity. T-lymphocyte subsets were as follows: CD4: %41.3±3.4, CD8: %34±6.5, CD4/CD8: %1.2, CD3: %66±8.8. ASST was not related to the TST reactivity and T-lymphocyte subsets. CONCLUSION: These data provided that ASST does not seem to be associated with TST reactivity and T-lymphocyte subsets.

Background and Design: This study was designed to investigate the role of proliferation markers in various benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions and also aimed to detect HPV positivity in these lesions. MATERIAL-METHOD: A total of 62 paraffin blocks [12 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 10 keratoacantoma (KA), 8 actinic keratoses (AK), 22 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 10 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] were included in the study. Specimens were studied immunohistochemically for the expression of Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2. PCR was performed to detect HPV DNA. RESULTS: HPV positivity was detected in two tissues of BCC (HPV type-16). In the lesions, the Ki-67, p21 and bcl-2 expressions were found to be increased respectively: KA

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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a rare autosomal dominant process characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuromas. Multiple mucosal neuromas are considered the pathognomonic feature of MEN 2B and are observed in almost all patients. These benign lesions are usually asymptomatic and often present at birth or in the first few years of life. We describe a 50-year-old woman and a 29-year-old man with mucosal neuromas on the tongue that appeared 5 and 2 years ago, respectively. Screening for MEN 2B showed slight elevation in serum calcitonin levels in one of the patient while a nodule associated with adenomatous hyperplasia was observed in the other. Follow-up visits were established for the appearance of other manifestations of MEN 2B.

Granuloma annulare is a common skin disorder that usually presents with papules arranged as annular plaques. It has varying clinical presentations including localized, generalized, subcutaneous, and perforating forms. The localized form of granuloma annulare is the most common one and typically arises on the hands and feet. In the literature there have been reports of patch granuloma annulare that resembles mycosis fungoides with erythematous plaques on the extremities and trunk, and shows the histologic features of interstitial granuloma annulare. We report a 70-year-old woman with patch granuloma annulare on the lower part of her abdomen revealing an interstitial histiocytic pattern.

Aplasia cutis is a rare malformation characterized by localized absence of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Muscle and bone tissues beneath the lesion may rarely be hypoplastic or aplastic as well. Eighty-five percent of aplasia cutis cases are found in the scalp and fifteen percent of all cases involve other locations. Here, a 3 year old girl who has a recently detected abdominal muscle hypoplasia during evaluation of abdominal hernia beneath an aplasia cutis lesion is presented.