Amaç: Bu çalýþmada Türkiye’de bir üniversite hastanesinin Deri ve Zührevi Hastalýklar polikliniðine baþvuran rozase hastalarýnýn takip ve tedavi süreçlerinin, koronavirüs hastalýðý-2019 (COVID-19) pandemi döneminde alýnan tedbirler ve korunma önlemlerinden nasýl etkilendiðinin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: COVID-19 pandemisi öncesi ve pandemi döneminde hastalarýn yaþ ve cinsiyet özellikleri, baþvuru sayýlarý, reçete edilen topikal ve sistemik tedaviler ile kutu bazýnda toplam tedavi miktarlarý, çoðul baþvurularda takip aralýðý süresi, Göz Hastalýklarý Bölümü'ne baþvuru sayýlarý kaydedilmiþtir.
Bulgular: COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde Deri ve Zührevi Hastalýklar polikliniðine baþvuran rozase hastalarýnýn COVID-19 pandemisi öncesine göre yaþ ve cinsiyet daðýlýmlarý deðiþmezken toplam hasta sayýsý azalmýþtýr. Ancak pandemi döneminde hastalara reçete edilen toplam ilaç sayýsý ve sistemik ilaç sayýsý oransal olarak artmýþtýr. Ayrýca takiplerine devam eden hasta oraný ve bu hastalar arasýnda sistemik ilaç kullanýmýnýn arttýðý görülmüþtür.
Sonuç: Hastalarýn baþvuru sayýlarýnýn azaldýðý ve sistemik tedavilere ihtiyaç duyan hastalarýn baþvuru oranlarýnýn arttýðý saptandý. COVID-19 pandemisi ve doðal afetler gibi hastalýk takibi için polikliniðe baþvurularýn zorlaþtýðý dönemlerde rozase ve benzeri kronik takip gerektiren dermatozlarýn teledermatoloji yöntemi ile deðerlendirilmesi önerilebilir.

Background and Design: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the precautions and preventive measures implemented during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the follow-up and treatment processes of patients with rosacea who applied to the Skin and Venereal Diseases outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Türkiye.
Materials and Methods: Age, sex, number of hospital admissions, prescribed topical and systemic treatments, total amount of treatment on a box basis, follow-up interval in multiple applications, and number of applications to the Ophthalmology Department were recorded before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: No difference was found in the age and sex distributions of patients with rosacea who applied to the Skin and Venereal Diseases outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that before the pandemic. However, the total number of patients decreased. Furthermore, the total number of drugs prescribed to patients and the number of systemic drugs increased proportionally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the ratio of patients who continued their follow-up and the use of systemic drugs among these patients increased.
Conclusion: In this study, the number of admissions decreased and the rate of patients who needed systemic treatment increased. Rosacea and similar dermatoses that required long-term follow-up could be evaluated via teledermatology during periods when application to outpatient clinics for follow-up becomes difficult such as during pandemics and natural disasters.

Amaç: Vitaminler çeþitli biyokimyasal iþlevler için gereklidir ve organizma tarafýndan sentezlenmedikleri veya yetersiz sentezlendikleri için diyetle alýnýrlar. Yapýlan çalýþmalarda D vitamini eksikliði ile psoriazis, atopik dermatit, rozasea, akne vulgaris, vitiligo, pitriyazis versikolor gibi birçok dermatoz arasýnda iliþki ortaya konmuþtur. Bu kesitsel çalýþmada, onikomikoz hastalarý ile saðlýklý kontroller arasýndaki D vitamini düzeylerinin karþýlaþtýrýlmasý ve D vitamini ile onikomikoz arasýndaki iliþkinin ortaya konmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Dermatoloji polikliniðine baþvuran ve onikomikoz tanýsý konulan hastalar ile saðlýklý kontrollerin son 1 ayda herhangi bir nedenle serum 25-hidroksivitamin D [25(OH)D] düzeyleri ölçülenleri çalýþmaya dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya 40 katýlýmcý (21 erkek) dahil edildi. Tüm katýlýmcýlarýn ortalama serum 25(OH)D vitamini düzeyi 12,66 ng/mL idi. Katýlýmcýlarýn yaþý ile D vitamini düzeyleri arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki yoktu. 25(OH)D düzeyleri hasta grubunda (10,79±8,12 ng/mL) kontrol grubuna (13,91±6,76 ng/mL) göre daha düþük bulundu (p=0,02).
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýz, Türk toplumunda D vitamini düzeylerinin düþük olduðunu, ancak onikomikozlu olgularda ortalama deðerlerin daha düþük olduðunu ortaya koydu.

Background and Design: Vitamins are necessary for various biochemical functions and are either insufficiently synthesized or not synthesized by the organism; therefore, they are taken from the diet. Many dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, vitiligo, and pityriasis versicolor, which are associated with vitamin D deficiency, have been reported. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare vitamin D levels between patients with onychomycosis and healthy controls and determine the relationship between vitamin D and onychomycosis.
Materials and Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in the blood sample for any reason in the last 1 month of patients diagnosed with onychomycosis and healthy controls. Results: The study included 40 participants (21 men). The mean level of serum 25(OH)D of all participants was 12.66 ng/mL. No significant correlation was found between the age of the participants and 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH)D levels were lower in the patient group (10.79±8.12 ng/mL) than in the control group (13.91±6.76 ng/mL) (p=0.02).
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that vitamin D levels are low in the Turkish population, but mean values are lower in patients with onychomycosis.

Amaç: Human papillomavirüs (HPV) deri ve mukozal yüzeyleri enfekte eden zarfsýz bir DNA virüsüdür ve dünyada en sýk görülen cinsel yolla bulaþan enfeksiyonlardan biridir. HPV enfeksiyonlarý, iliþkili kanserler ve baðýþýklama konusunda hekimlerin bilgi sahibi olmasý halk saðlýðýnýn korunmasýnda en önemli adýmlardan biridir. Bu çalýþma ile týp fakültesi öðrencilerinin HPV enfeksiyonlarý, iliþkili kanserler ve HPV aþýlarý hakkýndaki bilgi düzeylerinin saptanmasý ve iliþkili deðiþkenlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanýmlayýcý türde olan bu araþtýrmanýn evrenini týp fakültesi 1.-5. sýnýflarda öðrenim gören tüm öðrenciler oluþturdu. Araþtýrma verileri, iki bölümden oluþan toplam 37 soruluk anket formu ile toplandý. Anket formlarý 1.-5. sýnýf týp fakültesi öðrencileri tarafýndan gönüllülük esasýna dayanarak dolduruldu. Veriler SPSS 18,0 paket programýyla analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya 250 týp öðrencisi katýlmýþ olup, %52,4’ünü (n=131) erkekler oluþturuyordu. Öðrencilerin %95,6’sý (n=239) HPV enfeksiyonundan haberdar olduðunu ifade ederken, sadece %39,2’si bu konuda yeterli bilgisi olduðunu düþünüyordu. HPV enfeksiyon ve aþýlarý hakkýnda bilgi edinilen en önemli kaynaklarý dersler ve internet oluþturuyordu. Öðrencilerin sadece %3,6’sý (n=9) HPV aþýsý olmuþtu. HPV aþýsý olmama nedenleri arasýnda en önemli neden toplam %58 ile daha önce HPV aþýsýný duymama veya yaptýran birini tanýmama oluþtururken, diðer önemli neden ekonomik sebeplerdi. Öðrencilerin %80’e yakýný HPV aþýsýnýn rutin aþý takvimine girmesi gerektiðini düþünüyordu. Aþý takviminde ücretsiz aþý saðlandýðý durumda öðrencilerin %60’a yakýný HPV aþýsý yaptýracaðýný ifade ederken, HPV aþýsýnýn yaygýnlaþmasýnýn önündeki en önemli neden (%45; n=111) olarak yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmamasý gösterilmiþti.
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýz sonucunda týp fakültesi öðrencilerinin HPV enfeksiyonu ve aþýlarý ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin çok yeterli olmadýðý ve aþý yaptýrma oranýnýn da düþük olduðu ortaya konuldu. Sonuçlarýmýz HPV ile iliþkili olarak týp eðitimi, sosyal güvence ve geri ödeme gibi konularda çekirdek eðitim müfredatýnda ve ulusal saðlýk politikalarýnda bazý düzenlemeler gerektirdiðini düþündürmektedir.

Background and Design: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus infecting skin and mucosal surfaces and causes one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Thus, physicians must know about HPV infections, associated cancers, and immunization for public health. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of medical faculty students about HPV infections, related cancers, and vaccines and examine related variables.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included all students in the first to fifth grades of the faculty of medicine. Data were collected with a two-part questionnaire consisting of 37 questions. Questionnaires were filled voluntarily. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18.0. Results: The study included 250 medical students, and 52.4% (n=131) were men. While 95.6% (n=239) stated that they were aware of HPV, only 39.2% thought that they had sufficient knowledge. The most important sources of information were lectures and the Internet. Only 3.6% (n=9) of the students had been vaccinated against HPV. The most important reason (58%) for not being vaccinated was not having heard of the HPV vaccine before or not knowing someone who had it, and the other important reason was economics. Nearly 80% of the students thought that HPV vaccines should be included in routine vaccination. While 60% of the students stated that they would get an HPV vaccine if a free vaccine is provided, the lack of sufficient information was cited as the most important reason (45%) against the widespread use. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical school students about HPV infection and vaccines was not very sufficient, and the vaccination rate was low. Our results suggest that HPV-related courses in medical education and reimbursement of vaccines by health authorities require some adjustments in the core education curriculum and national health policies.

Amaç: Bu çalýþmada amacýmýz psoriazis tanýlý hastalarýn klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin prospektif olarak deðerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalýþmaya Aralýk 2018-Þubat 2020 tarihleri arasýnda kliniðimize baþvuran 277 psoriazis tanýlý hasta dahil edildi. Tüm hastalarýn yaþ, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, medeni durum, hastalýk baþlangýç yaþý, tetikleyici faktörler, eklem ve týrnak tutulumu, sistemik hastalýk öyküsü, alkol ve sigara öyküsü, aile öyküsü, alýnan topikal ve sistemik tedaviler gibi parametreleri prospektif olarak kaydedildi. Ýstatistiksel analiz SPSS versiyon 24 programý ile yapýldý.
Bulgular: Yaþlarý 8 ile 81 arasýnda deðiþen 277 hastanýn yaþ ortalamasý 37,1±15,9 idi. Hastalarýn 125’i (%45,1) kadýn, 152’si (%54,9) erkekti. Hastalarýn %11,2’si 18 yaþ altý idi. Pediatrik psoriazisli hastalarýn 10’u erkek, 21’i kýz idi. Ortalama hastalýk baþlangýç yaþý kadýn cinsiyette 21,0±14,1, erkek cinsiyette 25,3±14,4 idi. En sýk görülen klinik tip plak psoriazis idi. Hastalarýn %29,6’sýnda aile öyküsü pozitifti. Psoriatik artrit oraný %9 idi ve en sýk görülen tip asimetrik oligoartriküler tip idi. Týrnak tutulum oraný %44 iken psoriazisi en sýk tetikleyen faktör stresti. Hastalarýn %17’sinde komorbid hastalýk vardý. En sýk eþlik eden hastalýk hipertansiyondu. Sigara kullaným sýklýðý %45,8, alkol kullaným sýklýðý ise %4,7 idi. Hastalarýn %17,3’ü sadece topikal tedavi, %1,1’i fototerapi, %37,5’i konvansiyonel tedavi, %42,2’si biyolojik tedavi, %1,8’i konvansiyonel + biyolojik tedavi alýyordu.
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýzdaki veriler psoriazisin klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin incelendiði literatürdeki diðer çalýþmalarla benzerdi. Daha geniþ hasta gruplarýný içeren benzer çalýþmalarýn yapýlmasýnýn hastalýðýn taný ve tedavisine katký saðlayacaðý kanaatindeyiz.

Background and Design: This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 277 patients with psoriasis who applied to our clinic between December 2018 and February 2020. All patient parameters such as age, sex, height, weight, marital status, age at disease onset, triggering factors, joint and nail involvement, systemic disease history, alcohol and smoking history, family history, and topical and systemic treatments received were recorded prospectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 24.
Results: The mean age of the 277 patients aged 8-81 years was 37.1±15.9 years. In this study, 125 (45.1%) patients were female and 152 (54.9%) were male, and 11.2% of the patients were <18 years old. Ten of the patients with pediatric psoriasis were male and 21 were female. The mean age at disease onset was 21.0±14.1 in female patients and 25.3±14.4 in male patients. The most common clinical type was plaque psoriasis. Family history was positive in 29.6% of the patients. Psoriatic arthritis occurred in 9% of the patients, and the most common type was an asymmetric oligoarticular type. Although the nail involvement rate was 44%, stress was the most common triggering factor for psoriasis. In addition, 17% of the patients had a comorbid disease. The most common comorbid disease was hypertension. The frequency of smoking was 45.8%, and the frequency of alcohol use was 4.7%. Of the patients, 17.3% received only topical therapy; 1.1%, phototherapy; 37.5%, conventional therapy; 42.2%, biological therapy; and 1.8%, conventional + biological therapy.
Conclusion: Our study data were similar to those of other studies examining the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with psoriasis. We believe that conducting similar studies involving larger patient groups will contribute to disease diagnosis and treatment.

Amaç: Kutanöz melanom insidansý genel olarak dünya çapýnda artmaktadýr. Bu artýþýn aksine son yýllarda Breslow kalýnlýðýnýn azaldýðý bildirilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada hastanemizde taný almýþ kutanöz melanom olgularýnýn sayýlarýndaki ve Breslow kalýnlýklarýndaki yýllýk deðiþimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemiz dermatoloji kliniðine 2000-2018 yýllarý arasýnda baþvuran kutanöz melanom hastalarýnýn patoloji raporlarý geriye dönük olarak deðerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya alýnan 210 olgunun 122’si (%58,1) erkek, 88’i (%41,9) kadýndý. Olgularýn yaþ ortalamasý 61,08±17,07 idi. Yýl ile her yýl görülen olgu sayýsý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý pozitif korelasyon bulduk (p=0,003; ρ=0,640). Yýllar geçtikçe olgu sayýsý arttý. Yýl ile Breslow olgu kalýnlýklarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý negatif korelasyon vardý (p<0,001; ρ=-0,292). Yýllar geçtikçe, olgularýn Breslow kalýnlýðý azaldý.
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýz, son yýllarda taný konulan olgularda kutanöz melanom sýklýðýnýn artmasýyla birlikte Breslow kalýnlýðýnýn azaldýðýný göstermiþtir. Bu bulgular dolaylý olarak hastanemizin hitap ettiði popülasyonda kutanöz melanom farkýndalýðýnýn arttýðýný ve hekimlerin kullandýðý taný yöntemleri ve algoritmalarýn hastalýðýn daha erken tanýnmasýna yardýmcý olduðunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, farkýndalýk artýrma aktivitelerine, hastalýk tarama programlarýna ve bu lezyonlarý daha erken tanýmak için hizmet içi eðitime vurgu yapýlmasý gerektiðini düþündüren önemli sayýda kalýn kutanöz melanom lezyonu halen bulunmaktadýr.

Background and Design: The global incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing. Breslow thickness has been reported to have decreased in recent years, in contrast to this increase. This study aims to determine annual changes in the number of diagnosed cutaneous melanoma cases and their Breslow thicknesses in our hospital.
Materials and Methods: Pathology reports from cutaneous melanoma patients admitted to our hospital’s dermatology clinic between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.
Results: The study included 210 cases, 122 (58.1%) of which were male and 88 (41.9%) of which were female. The mean age of the cases was 61.08±17.07. The year and the number of cases seen each year had a statistically significant positive correlation (p=0.003; ρ=0.640). The number of reported cases has risen over time. The year had a statistically significant negative correlation with case Breslow thicknesses (p<0.001; ρ=-0.292). The cases’ Breslow thickness decreased over time.
Conclusion: Our study found that as the incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased, the Breslow thickness of cases diagnosed in recent years has decreased. These findings suggest that awareness of cutaneous melanoma has increased over time in the population served by our hospital, and the diagnostic methods and algorithms used by physicians have aided in earlier detection of the disease. However, there are still a significant number of thick cutaneous melanoma lesions, implying that more emphasis should be placed on awareness-raising activities, disease screening programs, and in-service training to detect these lesions earlier.

Morfea, patogenezi büyük ölçüde bilinmemekle birlikte, genetik yatkýnlýk, bakteriyel ve viral enfeksiyonlar gibi çevresel tetikleyiciler, hormonal ve immünolojik düzensizlik gibi içsel faktörler gibi birçok faktörle iliþkili olduðu düþünülen enflamatuvar immün aracýlý bir hastalýktýr. Burada, mRNA koronavirüs hastalýðý-2019 (COVID-19) aþýsýndan sonra morfea hastalýðýnda nüks geliþen ilk olguyu bildiriyoruz. Mevcut güncel literatürlerle birlikte olgumuz, COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ve aþýlar ile iliþkili yeni bulgularla önümüzdeki süreçte karþýlaþmaya devam edeceðimizi düþündürmektedir.

Morphea is an inflammatory immune-mediated disease associated with many factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental triggers such as bacterial and viral infections, as well as intrinsic factors such as hormonal and immunological dysregulation, although its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we report the first case of morphea relapse after the mRNA coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Our case along with recent reports suggest that new associations might appear due to COVID-19 infection and vaccines.